Blog#7 chaper 16

Europecentration: Europe believed rget were better than other places. This led to the enslavment of African people because European believed they were not human because of how different they looked and the birtish took over government. When Enlighments ideas such as freedom and equality started to apear North America got their independence back from the british government. 

When the enlightemnt of Europe, France spread thorugh the world, people in Haidi who were enslaved by Euorpeans started to think that they might get freedom and equality like they did in North AMerica and waited patiently and excietly when that didn't happen they started to rebel against their owners, That event was the only successful rebel by slaves in history and because of this slaves from other places were treated with brtality so they won't have a chance to rebel and succed. 

Bog #6: second half of chapter 15

Chinese encounter with Christianity was different from native Americans in Spain's New world empire. The difference was: in Spain, the political context which have been defeated, disrupted, and cultural confidence shaken and in China encountered Europe Christianity and in no point was china's society and culture threatened.

Europeans were central players in the globalization of Christianity, while christianity was expanding or transformed culture, African American religious ideas accompained slaves to Americans. Europeans perceived African American's religious practices as sorcery, witchcraft, or even devil worship and tried to suppress them.

From oystering base in central Arabia. the Wahhabi movement represented a challenge to the Ottoman Empire, while its ideas subsequently spread widely within the islamic world.

Chinese elite culture took shape in a movement know as kaozheng or "research on evidence" which intended to seat truth from facts.

science revolution:
-breakthrough in the science revolution came from the polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

Blog #5 first half of chapter 15

The early modern era of World History started the cultural trends of the spread of Christianity to Asians, Africans, and Native Americans and the modern scientific outlook.


Martin Luther came to a new understanding of Salvation: he believed that it came through fate alone. His ideas provoked a massive schism pithing the world of catholic christendom. Women were attracted  to Protestantism because Reformation did NOT have reaching and practices that offer them a substantially greater role in the church and society.
Reformation spread quickly beyond Germany with the invention of the printing press.

• there was a class division in Europe because of the different religions: (1562-1598) French society by violence between Catholics and the Protestant minority known as Huguenots (HYOO-guh-naht). in August 24, 1572 catholic mobs in Paris massacred some 3,000 Huguenots and thousands perished weeks after.
• Christianity motivated European political and economic expansions and also benefited from it.

Blog #4 other half of chapter 14

" World Hunt"

fur trade was a competitive enterprise

In the early modern era, furs joined silver, textiles, and spices as major items of global commerce.
Furs provided:

• warmth
• conveyed status

European population growth made fur run out of beavers, rabbits, sable, marten and deer which made them witness some cooling temperatures and harsh winters. 

Slave trade: between 1500 and 1866 this trade in human beings took an estimated 12.5 million people from African societies, shipped them across Atlantic in the infamous middle passage and lived their often-tried-lives as slaves. slaves suffered forced labor, beatings, and braidings, broken families and displacements from home cultures

Blog #3 half of Chapter 14

Page 601-610


Children Everywhere learn that the European Empires in the Western Hemisphere grew out of an accident---Columbus's unknowing encounter with the Americas -- and that new colonial sociaties and new commercial connections across the Atlantic were the result..BUT in Asia it was a different story!

To Asia it was No accident...it was an outcome of a deliberate, century long Portuguese effort to explore the sea route to the east.  The medication to for the massive effort was because of the desire to have  the spices: cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves, and above all, pepper(from Java).


A portugueses Empire of commerce:

Portuguese created in the Indian Ocean in commonly known as a "trading post empire" for they aimed to control commerce, not large territories or populations and to do so by force of arms rather thinly economic competition.

Spice Trade: for a thousand years, spices were a major trade item in the Indian Ocean commercial network

Dutch and English were competitors for the spice trade and together they quickly overtook and displaced the Portuguese often by force, even as they competed vigourously with each other as well.

Blog #2 Chapter 13

The European had a lot of advantages to conquer the Americans and those were:

• They were closer to the Americas than other patential competitors
• better invention and techniques than others
• reason to expand which was to gain the America's argriculural land  

The great Dying: 

 The contact between Native American people with Europeans caused diseases to be given to  Native Americas such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, and later yellow fever. This caused Native Americans to die in appalling numbers, losing 90% of the population.

The Great Dying and the impact of age large Ice Age created an acute labor shortage and certainly did made room for immigrant newcomers, both colonizing Europeans and enslaved Africans.

A quite different kind of colonial society emerges in the lowland areas of Brazil, ruled by Portugal, and in Spanish, British, French, and Dutch Colonies in the Caribbean. Europeans found a very profitable substitute in sugar wit was such in demand in Europe, where it was used as a medicine, a spice, a sweetener, and preservative and in sculptured forms as a decoration that indicated high status.

blog #1 intro to chapter 13

"an early modern era" means that there can be found some signs or markers of the modern world. Which has been found around the world, but it was more obvious in Europe.

• World population more than doubled (1400-1800). The places that experienced the beginning of modern population growth were China, Japan and India. 

Late Agrarian Era

• Europeans ruled the Americans and controlled the world's sea routes but their political and military power in Mainland Asia and Africa were very limited.
• Islam was the more rapidly spreading faith in much of Asia and Africa
• While the Textures of patriarchy varied among cultures and fluctuated over time, nowhere had ideas of gender equality taken root.

Map
Chapter 13 in the map is located in Spain's American Empire, Britains thirteen colonies, Islamic Reformation, Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Tokugawa Shogunate and Chinese imperial expansion.